Nominal ʿAbbāsid authority was restored to Egypt by Saladin in 1171. Sunni Muslims believe and confirm that Abu Bakr was chosen by the community and that this was the proper procedure. He established a new unified Arabian Peninsula, which led to the Rashidun and Umayyad Caliphates and the rapid expansion of Muslim power over the next century. 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The Umayyad Caliphate: The History and Legacy of the Second Islamic Kingdom Established After Muhammad’s Death: Amazon.de: Charles River Editors: Fremdsprachige Bücher They believe God chose Ali to be Muhammad’s successor and the first caliph of Islam. The first Caliph, Abu Bakr. Es liegen 0 Rezensionen und 0 Bewertungen aus Deutschland vor, Entdecken Sie jetzt alle Amazon Prime-Vorteile. Once the rebellions had been quelled, Abu Bakr began a war of conquest. Many tribes claimed that they had submitted to Muhammad and that with Muhammad’s death, their allegiance had ended. After Muhammad’s death in 632 CE, his friend Abu Bakr was named caliph and ruler of the Islamic community, or Ummah. Hinzufügen war nicht erfolgreich. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. With additional support, Abu Bakr was confirmed as the first caliph (religious successor to Muhammad) that same year. The Umayyad Caliphate: The History and Legacy of the Second Islamic Kingdom Established After Muhammad’s Death (English Edition) eBook: Charles River Editors: Amazon.de: Kindle-Shop The followers of Ali later became the Shi’a minority sect of Islam, which rejects the legitimacy of the first three caliphs. Facing the erosion of their military and political power and territorial losses inflicted in a series of wars with European rivals, the Ottoman sultans, who had occasionally styled themselves as caliphs since the 14th century, began to stress their claim to leadership of the Islamic community. Prime-Mitglieder genießen Zugang zu schnellem und kostenlosem Versand, tausenden Filmen und Serienepisoden mit Prime Video und vielen weiteren exklusiven Vorteilen. After Muhammad’s death, many Arabian tribes rejected Islam or withheld the alms tax established by Muhammad. The head of state in a caliphate, and the title for the ruler of the Islamic Ummah; a successor of Muhammad. – ggf. Wählen Sie die Kategorie aus, in der Sie suchen möchten. Historically, the caliphates were polities based on Islam which developed into multi-ethnic trans-national empires. deutscher MwSt. Sunni Muslims believe that Abu Bakr was the proper successor, while Shi’a Muslims believe that Ali should have succeed Muhammad as caliph. Ihre zuletzt angesehenen Artikel und besonderen Empfehlungen. The Rashidun Caliphate (Arabic: اَلْخِلَافَةُ ٱلرَّاشِدَةُ, al-Khilāfah ar-Rāšidah) was the first of the four major caliphates established after the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Uthman was killed by members of a disaffected group. Um die Gesamtbewertung der Sterne und die prozentuale Aufschlüsselung nach Sternen zu berechnen, verwenden wir keinen einfachen Durchschnitt. Wählen Sie ein Land/eine Region für Ihren Einkauf. temporär gesenkter USt. Geben Sie einen Promotionscode oder einen Geschenkgutschein ein. The Shiʿah and similar groups, including the Qarmaṭians in Syria and the Fāṭimids in North Africa, challenged ʿAbbāsid rule on religious as well as political grounds. The period 786–861, especially the caliphates of Hārūn (786–809) and al-Maʾmūn (813–833), is accounted the height of ʿAbbāsid rule. During the medievalperiod, three major caliph… The minority Islamic branch that believes Muhammad appointed his cousin Ali as his successor and that the caliph should be decided based on this family lineage. Caliphate, the state comprising the Muslim community in the centuries after the death of Muhammad. Stattdessen betrachtet unser System Faktoren wie die Aktualität einer Rezension und ob der Rezensent den Artikel bei Amazon gekauft hat. Wiederholen Sie die Anforderung später noch einmal. Momentanes Problem beim Laden dieses Menüs. After 861, anarchy and rebellion shook the empire. Ruled by a caliph (Arabic khalifah, ‘successor’), the caliphate grew rapidly during its first two centuries. Bitte versuchen Sie es erneut. Wählen Sie ein Land/eine Region für Ihren Einkauf. From the 13th century onward a variety of rulers outside Cairo also included caliph among their titles, although their claims to universal leadership of the Muslim community seem to have been more notional than real. The first ʿAbbāsid caliph, al-Saffāḥ (749–754), ordered the elimination of the entire Umayyad clan; the only Umayyad of note who escaped was ʿAbd al-Raḥman, who made his way to Spain and established an Umayyad dynasty that lasted until 1031. Sie suchen preisreduzierte Fachbücher von Amazon Warehouse Deals? Outside extremist circles, the group’s claim was widely rejected. ʿAbbāsid power ended in 945, when the Būyids, a family of rough tribesmen from northwestern Iran, took Baghdad under their rule. Geben Sie Ihre Mobiltelefonnummer ein, um die kostenfreie App zu beziehen. The Umayyad Caliphate: The History and Legacy of the Second Islamic Kingdom Established After Muhammad’s Death (English Edition), Dieser und mehr als 1 Million weitere Titel sind auf. A caliphate is an Islamic state under the leadership of an Islamic steward with the title of caliph, a person considered a politico-religious successor to the Islamic prophet Muhammad and a leader of the entire Muslim Community. The Rashidun Caliphate (632–661) was led by Abu Bakr, then by Umar ibn Khattab as the second caliph, Uthman Ibn Affan as the third caliph, and Ali as the fourth caliph. Wählen Sie die Kategorie aus, in der Sie suchen möchten. Muhammad’s successors (the four caliphs) were appointed by the Muslim … Zugelassene Drittanbieter verwenden diese Tools auch in Verbindung mit der Anzeige von Werbung durch uns. Außerdem analysiert es Rezensionen, um die Vertrauenswürdigkeit zu überprüfen. After Muhammad’s death and the rebellion of several tribes, Abu Bakr initiated several military campaigns to bring Arabia under Islam and into the caliphate. Under al-Maʾmūn, the intellectual and artistic heritage of Iran (Persia) was cultivated, and Persian administrators assumed important posts in the Caliphate’s administration. Diese Aktionen werden auf diesen Artikel angewendet: Einige Angebote können miteinander kombiniert werden, andere nicht. Ich möchte dieses Buch auf dem Kindle lesen. Laden Sie eine der kostenlosen Kindle Apps herunter und beginnen Sie, Kindle-Bücher auf Ihrem Smartphone, Tablet und Computer zu lesen. This term is not widely used in Shia Islamas Shia Muslims do not consider the rule of the first … Leider ist ein Problem beim Speichern Ihrer Cookie-Einstellungen aufgetreten. Abu Bakr, the first caliph, lives no more than two years after the death of Muhammad. Außerdem analysiert es Rezensionen, um die Vertrauenswürdigkeit zu überprüfen. They believe God chose Ali to be Muhammad’s successor and the first caliph of Islam. A scion of the family was invited a few years later to establish a puppet caliphate in Cairo that lasted until 1517, but it exercised no power whatsoever. Etwas ist schiefgegangen. Dieser Artikel hat eine maximale Bestellmenge. Diese eBooks können nur von Empfängern im gleichen Land eingelöst werden. This choice was disputed by some of Muhammad’s companions, who held that Ali ibn Abi Talib, his cousin and son-in-law, had been designated the successor by Muhammad at Ghadir Khumm. Um aus diesem Karussell zu navigieren, benutzen Sie bitte Ihre Überschrift-Tastenkombination, um zur nächsten oder vorherigen Überschrift zu navigieren. B y the time of Muhammad’s death in 632, Islam had become a dominant power in the Arabian peninsula. A caliphate (from the Arabic خلافة or khilāfa) is the political leadership of the Muslim ummah in classical and medieval Islamic history and juristic theory. Leider ist ein Problem beim Speichern Ihrer Cookie-Einstellungen aufgetreten. Ali was Muhammad’s first cousin and closest living male relative, as well as his son-in-law, having married Muhammad’s daughter Fatimah. He faced two major rebellions and was assassinated by Abdl-alRahman, a Kharijite. The Sāmānid dynasty that arose in Khorāsān and Transoxania and the Ghaznavids in Central Asia and the Ganges River basin similarly acknowledged the ʿAbbāsid caliphs as spiritual leaders of Sunni Islam. Caliph Abu Bakr insisted that they had not just … Bitte versuchen Sie es erneut. Muhammad united the tribes of Arabia into a single Arab Muslim religious polity in the last years of his life. This served both as means of retaining some degree of influence over Muslim populations in formerly Ottoman lands and as means of bolstering Ottoman legitimacy within the empire. That the ʿAbbāsids disappointed the expectations of the Shiʿah by taking the Caliphate for themselves left the Shiʿah to evolve into a sect, permanently hostile to the Sunni majority, that would periodically threaten the established government by revolt. Preis inkl. Learn about the various scientific and cultural achievements of the Islamic world in the 8th–12th century, including the construction of the mosque in Córdoba, Spain. Empfänger können auf jedem unterstützten Gerät lesen. Etwas ist schiefgegangen. Ali would eventually become the fourth Sunni caliph. The caliphate was abolished in 1924, following the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire and the rise of the Turkish Republic. Muslim armies conquered most of Arabia by 633, followed by north Africa, Mesopotamia, and Persia, significantly shaping the history of the world through the spread of Islam. Let’s have a look at the era of the four Medina-based Caliphs or “Rightly Guided Caliphs”, in the time immediately after Mohammed passed away. They retained the ʿAbbāsid caliphs as figureheads. Entdecken Sie jetzt alle Amazon Prime-Vorteile. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. An Ihren Kindle oder ein anderes Gerät senden. It did, however, figure prominently in the rhetoric of violent extremist groups such as al-Qaeda. Nachdem Sie Produktseiten oder Suchergebnisse angesehen haben, finden Sie hier eine einfache Möglichkeit, diese Seiten wiederzufinden.
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