[10][11], According to NASA, beneath the trench is a mass so dense it has a gravitational pull on the surface of the ocean, causing it to dip somewhat. Preliminary faulting mechanisms for the event indicate it ruptured either a structure dipping shallowly to the south and striking approximately east-west, or a near-vertical structure striking northwest-southeast. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Oceans Across the World: Fact or Fiction? It also has a negative effect on the accuracy of navigational instruments.[12]. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Two invertebrate creatures were also observed in the video. [23][24] The dive was part of the Five Deeps Expedition.
[25][26], An oceanic trench on a transform boundary between the Caribbean and North American Plates, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "The five deeps: The location and depth of the deepest place in each of the world's oceans", "Exploring the Deepest Points on Planet Earth", "The last of the great explorers, The last of the great explorers", "An inside look at the first solo trip to the deepest point of the Atlantic", "Deep Dive 1 Atlantic Ocean PUERTO RICO TRENCH", "Puerto Rico Trench 2003: Cruise Summary Results", "Earthquakes and Tsunamis in Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands", "Major Caribbean Earthquakes And Tsunamis A Real Risk", M6.4 - 57km N of Hatillo, Puerto Rico, Earthquake Hazard Program, 2014-01-13 04:01:04 UTC, USGS, Deep-Sea Research and Oceanographic Abstracts, "Jeeps in the Deep: Exploring 'Inner Space' and 4,500 Fathoms", "Ultradeep-Sea Exploration In the Puerto Rico Trench", "Successful Capture of Ultradeep Sea Animals From the Puerto Rico Trench", "A $48 million submarine just took a record-breaking dive into the deepest corner of the Atlantic Ocean — 27,840 feet down", The Nippon Foundation-GEBCO Seabed 2030 Project, "Major partnership announced between The Nippon Foundation-GEBCO Seabed 2030 Project and The Five Deeps Expedition", Mapping of the Puerto Rico Trench, the Deepest Part of the Atlantic, is Nearing Completion, Workshop Addresses Tsunami Hazard to Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and Other Caribbean Islands, Caribbean Tsunami and Earthquake Hazards Studies, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Puerto_Rico_Trench&oldid=955485563, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from December 2019, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 8 May 2020, at 02:38. The Puerto Rico Trench lies at the junction of two tectonic plates that collide along the fault line. The Puerto Rico Trench is located at a boundary between two plates that pass each other along a transform boundary with only a small component of subduction. He reached a depth of 8,376 m (27,480 ft) ±5 m (16 ft) at 19°42'49" N, 67°18'39" W by direct CTD pressure measurements with the Deep-Submergence Vehicle DSV Limiting Factor (a Triton 36000/2 model submersible) and thus became the first person to reach the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean while also making the second-deepest recorded solo dive in history at that time. The samples recovered were Scopelocheirus schellenbergi, a species of lysianassid amphipod that have so far only been found in ultradeep trenches in the Pacific.[18]. https://www.britannica.com/place/Milwaukee-Depth. The Milwaukee Depth is named after the first ship that sounded it. The trench is a geologically complex site because it is the transition point between the subducting Lesser Antilles and the transform fault zone that extends west to Cuba, Central America, Espanola, and the Cayman Islands. The gathered data will be donated to the GEBCO Seabed 2030 initiative. The 1918 San Fermín earthquake that struck Puerto Rico caused massive loss of lives and property which originated from the trench. The 1918 earthquake was caused by an old left-lateral strike-slip fault near the Mona Passage. The Caribbean plate is subducting the North American tectonic plate while the South American continental plate is subducting along the Lesser Antilles to the southeast. A 1981 tremor was felt across the island, while another in 1985 was felt in the towns of Cayey and Salinas. The seafloor was visited for the first time by French bathyscaphe Archimède in 1964[15][16] and then by a robotic vehicle in 2012. The oceanic trench is 497 miles long, and the deepest part is the Milwaukee Deep at 5.373 miles.
An analysis of the sea creatures revealed that they were a species of amphipods that had been only found in the ultra-deep trenches of the Pacific.
It lies within a submarine depression called the Puerto Rico Trench, located at the southern edge of the North American Basin, between the Puerto Rico Ridge (north) and the North Antillean Arc (south); it is about 7,000 feet (2,100 m) deeper than the adjoining basin floors. The objective of this expedition is to thoroughly map and visit the deepest points of all five of the world's oceans by the end of September 2019.
Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The vast bodies of water that covers over 70% of the planets surface, holding around 1.35 billion cubic kilometres of water, has plateaus, valleys, plains, mountains, and trenches on its basin just as they are on the surface layer of the Earth. [9] The island of Puerto Rico, which lies immediately to the south of the fault zone and the trench, suffered a destructive tsunami soon after the 1918 San Fermín earthquake. The subductions explain the occurrence of volcanic activities in the southeastern region of the Caribbean. The Caribbean plate is moving east while the North American plate is moving west. The oceanic trench, the deepest in the Atlantic, is associated with a complex transition between the Lesser Antilles subduction zone to the south and the major transform fault zone or plate boundary, which extends west between Cuba and Hispaniola through the Cayman Trough to the coast of Central America. Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, British Virgin Islands, and the Dominican Republic do not have active volcanoes; however, they are at risk from earthquakes and tsunamis. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. The actual subduction zone (Puerto Rico Trench) has not ruptured in over 200 years, which is a major concern to geophysicists, as they believe it may be due for a major event. deepest place in the Atlantic Ocean, 8,400 meters (27,560 feet) deep. The Puerto Rico Trench has produced earthquakes greater than magnitude 8.0 and is considered capable of continuing to do so. The French first surveyed the floor of the Puerto Rico Trench in 1964, and since then several explorations have been carried out especially by the United States Geological Survey. The Caribbean Plate is moving to the east while the North American Plate is moving to the west. It covers approximately 20 percent of Earth's surface and about 29 percent of its water surface area. One soft dark individual, estimated to be 10–20 cm (3.9–7.9 in) long, has been identified by Dr. Stace E. Beaulieu of Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution as a sea cucumber, tentatively assigned to genus Peniagone. Milwaukee Depth, deepest point in the Atlantic Ocean, lying at a depth of 27,493 feet (8,380 m) about 100 miles (160 km) northwest of the island of Puerto Rico.
This point is commonly referred to as the Milwaukee Deep, with the Brownson Deep naming the seabed surrounding it. The North American tectonic plate is shifting west while the Caribbean continental plate is shifting east. The subductions explain the occurrence of volcanic activities i… The deepest point of the Atlantic Ocean is the Puerto Rico Trench. Coming in as the second deepest ocean is the Atlantic, with an average depth of 12,254 feet (3,735 meters). The Puerto Rico Trench lies at the junction of two tectonic plates that collide along the fault line. Coordinates: 19°50′9″N 66°45′16″W / 19.83583°N 66.75444°W / 19.83583; -66.75444. Furthermore, the trench is the point where the Caribbean plate and the North American plate separates. All maps, graphics, flags, photos and original descriptions © 2020 worldatlas.com. [3][4][5] The exact point was identified by the DSSV Pressure Drop using a state-of-the-art Kongsberg EM124 multibeam sonar in 2018, and then directly visited and its depth verified by the manned submersible Deep-Submergence Vehicle DSV Limiting Factor (a Triton 36000/2 model submersible) piloted by Victor Vescovo.[6][7][8]. It is located north of Puerto Rico and separates the Atlantic from the Caribbean Sea. The January 13, 2014 M 6.4 earthquake north of Puerto Rico occurred as a result of oblique-thrust faulting. The Puerto Rico Trench is located on the boundary between the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. Volcanic activity is frequent along the island arc southeast from Puerto Rico to the coast of South America.
Scientific studies have concluded that an earthquake occurring along this fault zone could generate a significant tsunami. On October 11, 1918, a series of earthquakes resulted in a tsunami on the west coast of Puerto Rico. Is Jersey Part of the UK? By Victor Kiprop on November 7 2018 in World Facts. At the location of this earthquake, the North America plate moves west-southwest with respect to the Caribbean plate at a velocity of approximately 20 mm/yr, and subducts beneath the Caribbean plate at the Puerto Rico Trench. On 11 October 1918, the western coast of Puerto Rico was hit by a major earthquake which caused a tsunami. The oceanic trench, the deepest in the Atlantic, is associated with a complex transition between the Lesser Antilles subduction zone to the south and the major transform fault zone or plate boundary, which extends west between Cuba and Hispaniola through the Cayman Trough to the coast of Central America. The location, depth and mechanism of the earthquake are consistent with the event occurring on this subduction zone interface."[14]. [17] The most conspicuous aspect of the footage was the swarm of benthic amphipods. Milwaukee Depth, deepest point in the Atlantic Ocean, lying at a depth of 27,493 feet (8,380 m) about 100 miles (160 km) northwest of the island of Puerto Rico. [2] However, more recently, the latter term has also been used interchangeably with the former to refer to this point. Geological studies suggest that earthquakes originating from the fault zone are likely to generate destructive tsunamis. Is Jersey Part of the EU? However, these sightings likely exceed the deepest known records for genus Peniagone and family Munnopsidae. In 2012, a robotic vehicle explored the trench and discovered a swarm of amphipods. The Caribbean plate is subducting the North American tectonic plate while the South American continental plate is subducting along the Lesser Antilles to the southeast. The Indian Ocean is the world’s second-largest. [19] Many media outlets referred to the deep as Brownson Deep,[20][21][22] in opposition to past references to the area, where the term Milwaukee Deep was used instead. The American explorer Victor Vescovo dived to the deepest point of the Puerto Rico Trench and therefore the Atlantic Ocean on 19 December 2018, as part of the Five Deeps Expedition.
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