The current Tamil script consists of 12 vowels, 18 consonants and one special character, the āytam. Contrary to the general belief, Greek has borrowed plenty of words from Ancient Tamil. [40], According to Hindu legend, Tamil or in personification form Tamil Thāi (Mother Tamil) was created by Lord Shiva. Tamil is a consistently head-final language. [52], Old Tamil is the period of the Tamil language spanning the 3rd century BC to the 8th century AD. Classical Tamil had a phoneme called the āytam, written as ‘ஃ'. Usage Frequency: 1 [130] Tamil vocabulary never became quite as heavily Sanskritised as that of the other Dravidian languages, and unlike in those languages, it was and remains possible to express complex ideas (including in science, art, religion and law) without the use of Sanskrit loan words. Usage Frequency: 1 Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. To request; to seek to obtain by words; to petition; to solicit; -- often with of, in the sense of from, before the person addressed. In Old Tamil, this verb was used as an aspect marker to indicate that an action was micro-durative, non-sustained or non-lasting, usually in combination with a time marker such as ṉ (ன்). It has also been suggested that the āytam was used to represent the voiced implosive (or closing part or the first half) of geminated voiced plosives inside a word. It has been created collecting TMs from the European Union and United Nations, and aligning the best domain-specific multilingual websites. Usage Frequency: 1 Usage Frequency: 1 These were the nominative, accusative, dative, sociative, genitive, instrumental, locative, and ablative. [103] Tamil nouns can take one of four prefixes: i, a, u, and e which are functionally equivalent to the demonstratives in English. The plural form for rational nouns may be used as an honorific, gender-neutral, singular form.[114]. [81][82] Tamil is also one of the official languages of Singapore. Quality: Quality: Alternatively, he suggests a derivation of tamiz < tam-iz < *tav-iz < *tak-iz, meaning in origin "the proper process (of speaking)". Reference: Anonymous, Last Update: 2020-02-02 The sounds /f/ and /ʂ/ are peripheral to the phonology of Tamil, being found only in loanwords and frequently replaced by /p/ and /s/ respectively. In phonological terms, the most important shifts were the virtual disappearance of the aytam (ஃ), an old phoneme,[56] the coalescence of the alveolar and dental nasals,[57] and the transformation of the alveolar plosive into a rhotic. There are currently sizeable Tamil-speaking populations descended from colonial-era migrants in Malaysia, Singapore, Philippines, Mauritius, South Africa, Indonesia,[71] Thailand,[72] Burma, and Vietnam. [23] John Guy states that Tamil was the lingua franca for early maritime traders from India. The diphthongs are usually pronounced about 1.5 times as long as short vowels. Lern More About. Structurally, Tamil is a verb-final language that allows flexibility regarding the order of the subject and the object in a sentence. Are You Learning English? Reference: Anonymous, Last Update: 2020-08-05 [68], Tamil is the primary language of the majority of the people residing in Tamil Nadu, Puducherry, (in India) and in Northern Province, Eastern Province (Sri Lanka). [99] Tamil dialects include Central Tamil dialect, Kongu Tamil, Madras Bashai, Madurai Tamil, Nellai Tamil, Kumari tamil in India and Batticaloa Tamil dialect, Jaffna Tamil dialect, Negombo Tamil dialect in Sri Lanka. "Literature in all Dravidian languages owes a great deal to Sanskrit, the magic wand whose touch raised each of the languages from a level of patois to that of a literary idiom" (Sastri 1955, p. 309); Trautmann, Thomas R. (2006). Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The Tamil script does not differentiate voiced and unvoiced plosives. Tamil is spoken by significant minorities in the four other South Indian states of Kerala, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Telangana and the Union Territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Usage Frequency: 1 [59], The Nannul remains the standard normative grammar for modern literary Tamil, which therefore continues to be based on Middle Tamil of the 13th century rather than on Modern Tamil. It is also spoken by the Tamil diaspora found in many countries, including Malaysia, South Africa, United Kingdom, United States, Canada, and Australia. Subordinate clauses precede the verb of the matrix clause. [39][55], The evolution of Old Tamil into Middle Tamil, which is generally taken to have been completed by the 8th century,[39] was characterised by a number of phonological and grammatical changes. Reference: Anonymous, Last Update: 2018-10-08 [66] As of 2019, the language had a listed vocabulary of over 470,000 unique words, including those from old literary sources. [69] Tamil was used for inscriptions from the 10th through 14th centuries in southern Karnataka districts such as Kolar, Mysore, Mandya and Bangalore.[70]. - did you eat Saaptaachu / Sapten - Ate Saapdanum - Have to Eat Did definition. In November 2019, the state government issued an order to add 9,000 new words to the vocabulary. [88][89] Recently, it has been rolled out as a subject of study in schools in the French overseas department of Réunion. Tamil is characterised by its use of more than one type of coronal consonants: like many of the other languages of India, it contains a series of retroflex consonants. Mahatma Gandhi's written wishes in Tamil for Subramanya Bharathy, Multilingual signs with Tamil in Sri Lanka (tsunami early warning tower). Tamil belongs to the southern branch of the Dravidian languages, a family of around 26 languages native to the Indian subcontinent.
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