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The debt may have been repaid by Sophocles because there appear to be echoes of The Histories in his plays, especially a passage in Antigone that resembles Herodotus's account of the death of Intaphernes (Histories 3.119 ~ Antigone 904–920). Each and every member impacts the future of the IPA. Change ), You are commenting using your Google account. However, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, a literary critic of Augustan Rome, listed seven predecessors of Herodotus, describing their works as simple, unadorned accounts of their own and other cities and people, Greek or foreign, including popular legends, sometimes melodramatic and naïve, often charming – all traits that can be found in the work of Herodotus himself.[3].
Herodotus's recitation at Olympia was a favourite theme among ancient writers, and there is another interesting variation on the story to be found in the Suda: that of Photius[38] and Tzetzes,[39] in which a young Thucydides happened to be in the assembly with his father, and burst into tears during the recital.
Scholar Robin Waterfield comments on Herodotus' early life: Herodotus was not a native of Athens. While little is known of the details of his life, it seems certain that he came from a wealthy, aristocratic family in Asia Minor who could afford to pay for his education. Retrieved from https://www.ancient.eu/herodotus/. E.g. Bury (1958): Hecataeus as the “founder of history” who tried to fit Greek myths / fictions well within the fence of the possibility of human experiences. Detlev Fehling writes of "a problem recognized by everybody", namely that Herodotus frequently cannot be taken at face value. After journeys to India and Pakistan, French ethnologist Michel Peissel claimed to have discovered an animal species that may illuminate one of the most bizarre passages in the Histories. Like many important ancient Greeks, Herodotus was not only not born in Athens but wasn't even born in what we think of as Europe.
Peissel offers the theory that Herodotus may have confused the old Persian word for "marmot" with the word for "mountain ant."
Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. The second explanation that he gives relates to the way the historical discipline has reacted to the challenge of ‘postmodernism’— namely, traditional historians have given more weight to the reliability of their sources.
In addition to writing four historical novels, radio adaptations of important Classical works, plays and documentaries, he is the author of a series of nonfiction bestsellers which collectively explore some of history’s most dramatic turning-points. While Herodotus is certainly concerned with giving accurate accounts of events, this does not preclude for him the insertion of powerful mythological elements into his narrative, elements which will aid him in expressing the truth of matters under his study. [50] For Fehling, the sources of many stories, as reported by Herodotus, do not appear credible in themselves. What were his truly significant accomplishments in this aspect?
This would then usually lead to tisis, which is the retaliation for injuries inflicted.
It is thought he served in the army as a Hoplite in that his descriptions of battle are quite precise and always told from the point of view of a foot soldier. [7] In particular, it is possible that he copied descriptions of the crocodile, hippopotamus, and phoenix from Hecataeus's Circumnavigation of the Known World (Periegesis / Periodos ges), even misrepresenting the source as "Heliopolitans" (Histories 2.73).
this is partially why shows like ancient aliens exist is because history was destroyed and rewritten. Waterfield comments: Certain kinds of narrative recur strikingly enough [in the Histories] to make us feel we are seeing the idiosyncratic taste of the narrator emerging - that he enjoys a particular kind of story and, given the option, includes it when possible. Calcutta: Firma KLM.
Following victories over the Persians by the mainland Greeks, Halicarnassus rebelled against foreign rulers.
He hired a vessel crewed by Corinthians, whom he felt he could trust, but the sailors plotted to throw him overboard and seize his wealth. Naturally, as an Athenian he was selective of the facts which were included. Herodotus (c. 484 – 425/413 BCE) was a Greek writer who invented the field of study known today as `history’.
The idea of "it was going to happen" reveals a "tragic discovery" associated with fifth-century drama. For example, Athenian tragic poets provided him with a world-view of a balance between conflicting forces, upset by the hubris of kings, and they provided his narrative with a model of episodic structure.
Although both were essential school texts at various times, Thucydides was preferred both because of his Attic Greek and because of the extremely focused, political, and secular nature of his account. Ancient History Encyclopedia, 27 Mar 2018.
Even with the fascinating digressions and fantastic elements, Herodotus' history was an advance over the previous writers of quasi-history, who are known as logographers.Sources.
In the present day, Herodotus continues to be recognized as The Father of History and a reliable source of information on the ancient world by the majority of historians. Generally scholars agree that there are 3 main contenders for this title, namely Herodotus (currently regarded by most historians as the best choice for “Father of History”), Thucydides (Father of the “scientific approach” to history) & Sima Qian (widely-acknowledged as the Father of Chinese History). By way of example, faulty craftsmanship is the human cause for a house collapsing. As James Romm has written, Herodotus worked under a common ancient Greek cultural assumption that the way events are remembered and retold (e.g. Waterfield, Robin (trans.)
Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. "[89], Herodotus writes with the purpose of explaining; that is, he discusses the reason for or cause of an event. By David Pipes. (1981). These giant ants, according to Herodotus, would often unearth the gold dust when digging their mounds and tunnels, and the people living in this province would then collect the precious dust. In China, another man earned the father of history title, but he was centuries later: Sima Qian. Unlike other ancient writers (such as Homer, earlier, or Virgil, later), Herodotus does not attribute his narrative to divine sources, nor call on such for assistance, but announces clearly that this is his work and no others. His approach to history writing bears the closest resemblance to the history as we know today, so does he deserve the title Father of History more than Herodotus then? Thus to understand what Herodotus is doing in the Histories, we must not impose strict demarcations between the man as mythologist and the man as historian, or between the work as myth and the work as history. This account has been rejected for centuries until, in 1984 CE, the French author and explorer Michel Peissel, confirmed that a fox-sized marmot in the Himalayas did indeed spread gold dust when digging and that accounts showed the animal had done so in antiquity as the villagers had a long history of gathering this dust.
It was not a chronicle, nor was it a local history. This is why Sima Qian, for example, “loses” by default when judged by this set of criteria. This mode of explanation traces itself all the way back to Homer,[91] who opened the Iliad by asking: Both Homer and Herodotus begin with a question of causality. Sima Qian’s achievements therefore rivaled or even surpassed that of Herodotus & Thucydides when viewed within the limited context of their civilizations, hence does he not deserve to be in contention for the title Father of History? In order to answer your question, let me bring you to a point that we put forth;
Homer introduced the idea of the narrative style in history writing through his famous epic poem “Iliad”, which recounted the great conflict known as the Trojan War in a sensational style but with a clear moral theme (negative role of women) throughout. Herodotus covers the empire’s geography, social structure, and history before describing the events which led to Xerxes’ invasion of Greece and the Greek city-states uniting to defeat his army.
Halicarnassus was a Dorian town with substantial intermarriage among its Greek, Carian, and Persian populations...If the later ancient reports that have come down to us are correct, his family was exiled during the troubled years after the Persian Wars, and as a very young man Herodotus may have lived on the island of Samos.
His work is the earliest Greek prose to have survived intact.
[82] In fact, Herodotus was in the habit of seeking out information from empowered sources within communities, such as aristocrats and priests, and this also occurred at an international level, with Periclean Athens becoming his principal source of information about events in Greece. He has taught history, writing, literature, and philosophy at the college level. Nevertheless, it is indisputable that both produced works that were, in their own unique ways, earth-shattering. In response, Dalley has proposed that the Hanging Gardens may have been in Nineveh rather than in Babylon.
- Mark Robinson, The History of Herodotus, parallel English, Herodotus and his Histories – Who was Herodotus? Works at this time were `published’ by being read aloud and the Greek writer Lucian of Samosata (125-180 CE) claims that Herodotus read the entirety of his work to the audience in one sitting and received great applause. I wonder what their ultimate impact on the discipline of History was? In his introduction to Hecataeus' work, Genealogies: Hecataeus the Milesian speaks thus: I write these things as they seem true to me; for the stories told by the Greeks are various and in my opinion absurd. [11], His debt to previous authors of prose "histories" might be questionable, but there is no doubt that Herodotus owed much to the example and inspiration of poets and story-tellers. As to the resources of the Babylonians how great they... II:85. Web. [80] Similarly, in a Corinthian Oration, Dio Chrysostom (or yet another pseudonymous author) accused the historian of prejudice against Corinth, sourcing it in personal bitterness over financial disappointments[81] – an account also given by Marcellinus in his Life of Thucydides. His description of the city of Babylon as among these wonders is an example of why his work has often been criticized. So was Artemisia, the female despot of Halicarnassus who joined Xerxes in his expedition against Greece in the Persian Wars. The question then is how do we decide whose contributions are more important for them to be honoured by such a title.
It has thus been determined that this account was based on hearsay, rather than a personal visit, even though Herodotus writes as though he visited the site himself. The Suda also informs us that Herodotus later returned home to lead the revolt that eventually overthrew the tyrant.
Change ), You are commenting using your Twitter account. [22] Thucydides, who had been trained in rhetoric, became the model for subsequent prose-writers as an author who seeks to appear firmly in control of his material, whereas with his frequent digressions Herodotus appeared to minimize (or possibly disguise) his authorial control.
Archaeological evidence, as well as other ancient descriptions, clearly indicates that Babylon was not as large as Herodotus describes and had nowhere near 100 gates (it had only eight). These wars showed him that there was a corporate life, higher than that of the city, of which the story might be told; and they offered to him as a subject the drama of the collision between East and West.
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