The Soviets reoccupied the country in 1944–1945, and further deportations followed as the country was collectivised Today, only the Russian minority, which has tripled in numbers since 1935, remains important. According to the WWF, the territory of Latvia belongs to the ecoregion of Sarmatic mixed forests. [59] Amber, fossilized tree resin, is one of Latvia's most important cultural symbols. An internal document of 18 March 1987, near the end of communist rule, spoke of an active membership that had shrunk to only 25,000 in Latvia, but the faith has since experienced a revival. [37], German crusaders were sent, or more likely decided to go on their own accord as they were known to do. [85] Latvia's Red Book (Endangered Species List of Latvia), which was established in 1977, contains 112 plant species and 119 animal species. However, universal citizenship for all permanent residents was not adopted. [citation needed], In the 19th century, Latvian nationalist movements emerged. In 1989, the proportion of Latvians had decreased to only 52% (from 75.5% in 1935). By 1959 about 400,000 Russian settlers arrived and the ethnic Latvian population had fallen to 62%.[72]. In 2012, solely 2,435[1] applications for residence permit by investment in real estate were received by Office of Citizenship and Migration Affairs. [citation needed], In the 2011 census, 1,164,894 persons in Latvia reported Latvian as their main language spoken at home; 698,757 respondents listed Russian as their main language spoken at home,[28] representing 37.2% of the total population, whereas Latvian was recorded as the main language spoken at home for 62.1%. [53] After 1934, Ulmanis established government corporations to buy up private firms with the aim of "Latvianising" the economy. The war of independence that followed was part of a general chaotic period of civil and new border wars in Eastern Europe. Common ingredients in Latvian recipes are found locally, such as potatoes, wheat, barley, cabbage, onions, eggs, and pork. It is calculated as the average number of children an average woman will have during her reproductive period (15 to 49 years old) based on the current fertility rates of every age group in the country, and assuming she is not subject to mortality. Coordinates: 57°N 25°E / 57°N 25°E / 57; 25, – in Europe (green & dark grey)– in the European Union (green) – [Legend]. The festival takes place at the Latvian National Opera, the Great Guild, and the Great and Small Halls of the Dzintari Concert Hall. Its national insect is the two-spot ladybird (Adalia bipunctata, Latvian: divpunktu mārīte). This aroused popular protests against the USSR and also gave rise to an increasing popularity of poetry. The native dialect remained distinct, although it acquired many Polish and Russian loanwords. Latvia has ratified the international Washington, Bern, and Ramsare conventions. Latvia is a unitary state, divided into 119 administrative divisions, of which 110 are municipalities and nine are cities. 2006. The growth momentum has continued into 2012 and 2013 despite deteriorating external conditions, and the economy is expected to expand by 4.1 percent in 2014. In 2017 there were a total of 803,546 licensed vehicles in Latvia. Population for Latvia from Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia for the Vital Statistics release. The percentage of native Latvian speakers increased in all statistical regions, especially in the Rīga capital region and Pierīga region around it (4.6%). A law expanding the scope for selling land, including to foreigners, was passed in 1997. In 2000, Latvia’s population stood at 2.38 million. [56]:48, On 22 June 1941 German troops attacked Soviet forces in Operation Barbarossa. : Jānis Rutkis. Latvian paramilitary and Auxiliary Police units established by the occupation authority participated in the Holocaust and other atrocities. Under Swedish and largely German rule, western Latvia adopted Lutheranism as its main religion. An internal document of 18 March 1987, near the end of communist rule, spoke of an active membership that had shrunk to only 25,000 in Latvia, but the faith has since experienced a revival. Transit between Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan as well as other Asian countries and the West is large. In ancient times, amber found along the Baltic Sea coast was sought by Vikings as well as traders from Egypt, Greece and the Roman Empire. [119] In 2013 Riga hosted the annual Northern Future Forum, a two-day informal meeting of the prime ministers of the Nordic-Baltic countries and the UK. Rural areas were forced into collectivization. In 2010 Latvia launched a Residence by Investment program (Golden Visa) in order to attract foreign investors and make local economy benefit from it. CCPR/CO/79/LVA, 1 December 2003, "A new kind of citizenship accepted by EU? [168] Kenneth Orchard, senior analyst at Moody's Investors Service argued that: The strengthening regional economy is supporting Latvian production and exports, while the sharp swing in the current account balance suggests that the country's 'internal devaluation' is working. In 2012, 45.0% of births were to unmarried women. Latvia had its own film industry and musical records factory (LPs). Direct access to our calendar releases and historical data. Compared to the 2011 census, the share of people speaking Latvian at home rose by 1.9%, while the number of Russian home speakers dropped by 2.6%. [180], As of March 2011, Latvians form about 62.1% of the population, while 26.9% are Russians, Belarusians 3.3%, Ukrainians 2.2%, Poles 2.2%, Lithuanians 1.2%, Jews 0.3%, Romani people 0.3%, Germans 0.1%, Estonians 0.1% and others 1.3%. However, by 2010, commentators[168][169] noted signs of stabilisation in the Latvian economy. [citation needed], A freely elected Constituent assembly convened on 1 May 1920, and adopted a liberal constitution, the Satversme, in February 1922. The percentage of Russian home speakers gradually increased with age from 30.0% amongst 0–4-year-olds to 44.2% amongst 55–64-year-olds, while Latvian home speakers gradually decreased with age from 69.2% amongst 0–4-year-olds to 55.0% amongst 55–64-year-olds, indicating that children in Latvia are increasingly being raised and educated in Latvian.[34]. Citizenship was not automatically extended to former Soviet citizens who settled during the Soviet occupation, or to their offspring. [37] Riga became an important point of east–west trading[37] and formed close cultural links with Western Europe. [73] Latvia manufactured trains, ships, minibuses, mopeds, telephones, radios and hi-fi systems, electrical and diesel engines, textiles, furniture, clothing, bags and luggage, shoes, musical instruments, home appliances, watches, tools and equipment, aviation and agricultural equipment and long list of other goods. Despite the decreasing number of Latvians due to low fertility rates, the proportion of Latvians has considerably increased during the past two decades and reached 62.1% in 2011 (slightly higher than the 62.0% in 1959). Before World War 2, the proportion of non-Latvians was approximately 25%, the Russians being the largest minority (approx. During the transitional period, Moscow maintained many central Soviet state authorities in Latvia. considered indigenous in some legislation: other languages registered as main language spoken at home by at least 500 speakers in 2011 census (in declining order): This page was last edited on 19 October 2020, at 16:58. ; Latvia ranks number 151 in the list of countries (and dependencies) by population. [204], The Latvian Song and Dance Festival is an important event in Latvian culture and social life. In 2011, there were 416 religious Jews, 319 Muslims and 102 Hindus. Their children born after the restoration of independence in 1991 are registered as citizens, if one of the parents requests it. In late 2018 the National Archives of Latvia released a full alphabetical index of some 10,000 people recruited as agents or informants by the Soviet KGB. It has direct flight to over 80 destinations in 30 countries. Latvia, in whole or in parts, remained under foreign rule for the next eight centuries, finding itself at the cross-roads of all the regional superpowers of their day, including Denmark (the Danes held on lands around the Gulf of Riga), Sweden, and Russia, with southern (Courland) Latvia being at one time a vassal to Poland-Lithuania as well as Latgale falling directly under Poland-Lithuania rule.
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