His conduct during the siege made Clive famous in Europe. Robert's father, who supplemented the estate's modest income by practising as a lawyer, also served in Parliament for … [53] The non-graduate Clive received an honorary degree as DCL from Oxford University in 1760, and in 1764 he was appointed Knight of the Order of the Bath. The success prompted the Tanjorean rajah to open peace talks, which resulted in the British being awarded Devikottai and the costs of their expedition, and the British client was awarded a pension in exchange for renouncing his claim. The approach of this force prompted Raza Sahib to demand Clive's surrender; Clive's response was an immediate rejection, and he further insulted Raza Sahib by suggesting that he should reconsider sending his rabble of troops against a British-held position. Clive offered to lead a diversion against Chanda’s base at Arcot. At the fort of Devikottai on the Coleroon River the British force was confronted by the much larger Tanjorean army. He put down a mutiny of the British officers, who chose to resent the veto against receiving presents and the reduction of batta (extra pay) at a time when two Maratha armies were marching on Bengal. Questioned about some of the large sums of money he had received while in India, Clive pointed out that they were not contrary to accepted company practice, and defended his behaviour by stating "I stand astonished at my own moderation" given opportunities for greater gain. The family had held the small estate since the time of Henry VII and had a lengthy history of public service: members of the family included an Irish chancellor of the exchequer under Henry VIII, and a member of the Long Parliament. With 200 Europeans and 300 Indians, he seized Arcot on August 31 and then successfully withstood a 53-day siege (September 23–November 14) by Chanda’s son. The death of Asaf Jah I, the Nizam of Hyderabad, in 1748 sparked a struggle to succeed him that is known as the Second Carnatic War, which was also furthered by the expansionist interests of French Governor-General Dupleix. [25], The relationship between the Europeans in India was influenced by a series of wars and treaties in Europe, and by competing commercial rivalry for trade on the subcontinent. He was praised because he set the foundation of British Raj and his great control over India. [68] Similar petitions have been launched to remove Robert Clive's statue from outside the FCO in Whitehall, accruing over 80,000 signatures. Mir Jafar was compelled to engage in extortion on a vast scale in order to replenish his treasury, which had been emptied by the company's demand for an indemnity of 2.8 crores of rupees (£3 million). Hired by the EIC to return a second time to India, Clive conspired to secure the Company's trade interests by overthrowing the ruler of Bengal, the richest state in India. It appears in the records as "firman from the King Shah Aalum, granting the diwani rights of Bengal, Bihar and Odisha to the Company 1765." [13] The family had held the small estate since the time of Henry VII and had a lengthy history of public service: members of the family included an Irish chancellor of the exchequer under Henry VIII, and a member of the Long Parliament. Its moat was shallow or dry, and some of its towers were insufficiently strong to use as artillery mounts. [67] Despite more than 20,000 signatures supporting such a move, on 16 July 2020 Shropshire Council voted 28-17 to retain the statue. (Clive reported his losses at 57 killed and 137 wounded.) Disguising themselves as natives, Clive and three others eluded their inattentive sentry, slipped out of the fort, and made their way to Fort St. David (the British post at Cuddalore), some 50 miles (80 km) to the south. "It appeared", wrote a contemporary on the spot, "as if the soul was departing from the Government of Bengal". It was originally agreed that the town would be restored to the British after negotiation but this was opposed by Dupleix, who sought to annex Madras to French holdings. 45. [65] He was buried in St Margaret's Parish Church at Moreton Say, near his birthplace in Shropshire. [28] The British leadership was taken prisoner and sent to Pondicherry. In Bengal literature, stage drama and movies on the historical battle of Plassey and the downfall of the last free nawab of Bengal, Robert Clive has been depicted in corrupt and traitorous role as the beginning of the loss of Indian independence at the hand of the East India Company. This became a source of conflict with the British in India with the entry of Britain into the War of the Austrian Succession in 1744. News of the fall of Calcutta reached Madras in August 1756. The company sought to extract the maximum revenue possible from the peasantry to fund military campaigns, and corruption was widespread amongst its officials. But, either because his daring asserted itself, or because of a letter received from Mir Jafar, Clive was the first to change his mind and to communicate with Major Eyre Coote. The losses to the Company because of the fall of Calcutta were estimated by investors at £2,000,000 (£0.6 billion in 2009). Facts about Robert Clive present the details about the first baron Clive. Lawrence gave Clive command of 30 British soldiers and 700 sepoys, with orders to lead the assault on the fort. In 1764 opinion within the company turned in Clive’s favour because of the news from India. CLIVE, ROBERT (1725–1774), the first baron Plassey, governor of Bengal (1758–1760 and 1765–1767) At the time of his birth, Robert Clive's once-respected Shropshire family was in decline. This victory made Clive the virtual master of Bengal. Except for the 40 Frenchmen and the guns they worked, the Indian side could do little to reply to the British cannonade (after a spell of rain), which, with the 39th Regiment, scattered the host, inflicting on it a loss of 500 men. He was became a Tory Member of Parliament in London after he left India. He sent Major Coote in pursuit of the French almost as far as Benares. This page was last edited on 24 October 2020, at 06:00. During the rainy season, the Hooghly is fed by the overflow of the Ganges to the north through three streams, which in the hot months are nearly dry. Clive was capable to learn Portuguese when he was in Brazil for nine months for the ship was in repair before arriving at Bombay. Shortly afterwards, on 2 January 1757, Calcutta itself was taken with similar ease.[50]. Clive had already made a secret agreement with aristocrats in Bengal, including Jagat Seth and Mir Jafar. He divided the whole army into three brigades, making each a complete force, in itself equal to any single Indian army that could be brought against it. [36] Major Lawrence, seeking to recover British prestige, led the entire Madras garrison to Tanjore in response. Though they failed to ruin him, they did prevent him from becoming a national statesman. Clive's small force maintained its composure, and established killing fields outside the walls of the fort where the attackers sought to gain entry. Even allowing for overestimation this was considerably more than Clive's force of approximately 540 British infantry, 600 Royal Navy sailors, 800 local sepoys, fourteen field guns and no cavalry. [14] It is curious in many ways that Clive is now best-remembered for this battle, which was essentially won by suborning the opposition rather than through fighting or brilliant military tactics.
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